Evolution of the Limpopo River Basin in Botswana based on morphometric and morphotectonic features from selected rivers using GIS techniques

This study used morphometric techniques to generate new information describing the evolution and hydrogeological behaviour of Limpopo River Basin in Botswana, based on analysis drainage surface features, form, size. Drainage basins provide basic their evolution, which, when quantified, yield interaction between tectonics, climatic, processes. networks were extracted from Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (90 m × 90 m), subsequently, morphometry indices computed using ArcGIS 10.5. network extraction was performed Arc Hydro extension 10.5 image processing technique extract lineaments create rose diagrams. The results showed that sub-basins Botswana drained by fourth- fifth-order streams, with a total area 107, 871 km2. Additionally, basin asymmetry mean bifurcation ratios tilting sub-basins, suggesting tectonic instability structural control low – to-moderate active zone. also had coarse texture, indicating high infiltration capacity. These are essential for planning managing watershed systems, flood risk assessment, potential groundwater assessment different Botswana.